Laccase yog dab tsi?
Laccases yog multicopper-muaj oxidoreductase enzymes (EC 1.10.3.2) pom nyob rau hauv fungi, nroj tsuag, thiab cov kab mob uas catalyze oxidation ntawm phenolic thiab tsis yog -phenolic substrates los ntawm kev txo cov molecular oxygen rau dej. Paub txog lawv cov eco-cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig, lawv tau siv dav hauv bioremediation, kev kho dej khib nyiab, thiab hauv kev lag luam xws li pulp bleaching, textile manufacturing, thiab khoom noj khoom haus.
Txhua Yam Koj Yuav Tsum Paub
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm laccase yog dab tsi?
Fungal laccases koom nrog hauv sporulation, pigment ntau lawm, fruiting lub cev tsim, tiv thaiv kev ntxhov siab, cog pathogenesis, thiab lignin degradation. Txawm hais tias feem ntau cov purified laccases yog extracellular enzymes, ntoo -rotting fungi kuj muaj intracellular laccases.
Cov kab mob twg tsim laccase?
Laccase, tooj liab- muaj oxidase enzyme, tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb rau nws lub peev xwm hauv ib puag ncig biotechnology, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv degradation ntawm complex organic pollutants xws li textile dyes. Lub enzyme yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam kab mob, nrog rau cov kab mob B. subtilis thiab fungus A.
laccase puas tuaj yeem degrade yas?
Ntau cov fungi tau pom tias tsim cov enzymes muaj peev xwm ntawm cov yas degradation nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev kuaj mob. Daim ntawv no nthuav tawm txoj kev tshawb fawb uas txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab mob kom txo qis molecular hnyav polyvinyl chloride (PVC) los ntawm enzyme laccase.
Dab tsi yog qhov chaw ntawm laccase enzyme?
Laccases yog dav faib nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua, kab mob, fungi, thiab kab. Hauv cov nroj tsuag, laccases muaj nyob rau hauv cabbages, turnip, qos yaj ywm, pears, txiv apples, thiab lwm yam zaub. Lawv tau raug cais tawm ntawm Ascomyceteous, Deuteromycteous thiab Basidiomycetous fungi uas muaj ntau dua 60 hom kab mob fungal.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
Laccases nyob rau hauv lub txiav ntug ntawm biotechnology
Ntau xyoo dhau los tau pom muaj kev txaus siab rau kev siv laccases ua biocatalysts los hloov cov txheej txheem tshuaj nyob rau hauv textile, pulp thiab ntawv thiab tshuaj industries.
Khoom noj khoom haus ---Kev lag luam khoom noj siv cov laccases vim lawv lub peev xwm los txhawb homo- thiab heteropolymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tshuaj pleev ib ce ---Lub peev xwm oxidative ntawm laccases kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce rau kev tsim cov khoom tu tus kheej.
Textiles ---Laccases tau txais kev txaus siab ntau ntxiv hauv kev lag luam textile los siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem xws li bleaching ntawm denim fabrics.
Organic synthesis ---Laccases yog cov khoom siv biocatalysts rau pharma sector txij li thaum lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj ntau yam kev sib xyaw ua ke, xws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob mus rau derivatization ntawm cov amino acids rau cov synthesis ntawm metabolically ruaj khov amino acid analogues.
Pulp thiab ntawv ---Thaum lub sij hawm muaj ntawv ntau lawm, lignin nyob rau hauv ntoo pulp yuav tsum tau muab cais thiab degraded.
Biofuels ---Lignocellulosic cov ntaub ntawv yog ib qho kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws rau bioethanol ntau lawm.
Cov xim ---Alkyd resins yog polyesters synthesized los ntawm polymerization ntawm polyalcohols, dicarboxylic acids los yog anhydrides thiab unsaturated fatty acids.
Rooj tog ---Medium-density fibreboards (MDF) yog cov khoom vaj huam sib luag qhuav tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov khoom siv lignocellulosic nrog cov khoom siv hluavtaws hauv qab cua sov hauv qhov muaj dej noo.
Nanobiotechnology thiab biomedicine ---Vim lawv muaj peev xwm catalyze ncaj qha electron hloov, laccases tau kawm tau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau kev loj hlob ntawm biofuel hlwb thiab biosensors.
Enzymatic bioremediation---Ib puag ncig muaj kev phom sij xenobiotics xws li polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenols thiab organophosphorus insecticides paub tias muaj cov teebmeem teratogenic thiab carcinogenic.
Mechanism:Laccases ua ib qho -electron oxidation ntawm cov tshuaj tsw qab thiab amines, ua cov radical intermediates uas feem ntau ua rau polymerisation los yog lub nplhaib cleavage.
Environmental Benefits:Vim tias laccase siv cov pa oxygen molecular ua co-substrate thiab tsim cov dej raws li cov khoom tsuas yog los ntawm- khoom, nws suav hais tias yog "ntsuab" enzyme.
Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob:
Bioremediation:Degradation ntawm dyes, phenols, thiab tshuaj pov tseg los ntawm industrial effluents.
Pulp & Ntawv:Bio-pulping thiab bio- tshuaj dawb kom tshem tawm lignin.
Khoom noj / Dej haus: Siv rau hauv winemaking, ci, thiab tshem tawm phenolic tebchaw hauv npias / kua txiv.
Textiles:Degradation ntawm indigo dye nyob rau hauv denim ntxhua.
Cov peev txheej: Feem ntau tsim los ntawm cov kab dawb -rot fungi, tab sis kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab mob thiab cov nroj tsuag siab dua.
Kev txwv:Tus nqi siab ntawm kev tsim khoom, muaj peev xwm tsis yog - rov siv tau, thiab tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg hauv ib puag ncig hnyav (pH / kub) feem ntau xav tau enzyme immobilization los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm.
ANALYTICAL RESULTS
| Cov khoom kuaj | Method / Ref. | Specification | Kev tshwm sim | Xaus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kev txheeb xyuas | Hauv -house ID / daim ntawv thov | Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) | Ua raws | Hla |
| Qhov tshwm sim | Pom kev | Dawb rau tan hmoov | Lub teeb tan hmoov | Hla |
| Kev ua enzyme | Supplier laccase assay | NLT 10,000 U/g | 10,420 U/g | Hla |
| Lub luag haujlwm Unit txhais | Tus neeg muab khoom siv -txhais chav tsev | Qhia xwb | U/g qhia | Hla |
| tsw | Organoleptic | Yam ntxwv | Ua raws | Hla |
| Solubility | Kev ntsuas dej solubility | Dispersible / soluble hauv dej | Ua raws | Hla |
| Poob rau ziab | Gravimetric | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 8.0% | 4.2% | Hla |
| Lead (Pb) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5.0 mg / kg | 0.20 mg/kg | Hla |
| Arsenic (As) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.0 mg / kg | 0.10 mg/kg | Hla |
| Cadmium (Cd) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 mg / kg | < 0.05 mg/kg | Hla |
| Mercury (Hg) | ICP-MS / ICP-OES | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.5 mg / kg | < 0.01 mg/kg | Hla |
| Tag Nrho Phaj suav | Phaj suav | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 50,000 CFU / g | 1.9 × 10³ CFU/g | Hla |
| Coliforms | Phaj suav | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 30 CFU / g | < 10 CFU/g | Hla |
| E. coli | Kev kuaj tsis tuaj | Tsis zoo / 25 g | Tsis Pom | Hla |
| Salmonella | Kev kuaj tsis tuaj | Tsis zoo / 25 g | Tsis Pom | Hla |
Txheej txheem ntau lawm
